Hydroelectric Energy :: essays research papers

Hydroelectric vitality conceivably is the consequence of a blessed fortuitous event wherein nature and the need to modernize, are joined together in an on-going cycle. The cycle being dissipated, precipitation and fixation. Having water, however, doesn't really mean having hydroelectric potential. To be in usable structure, that water must be in persistent flexibly, open and packed in waterways with a volume streams and a plummet rate, adequate to drive producing turbines. The main way that this framework would become non-inexhaustible would sensibly be on the off chance that the lakes, waterways and streams evaporated, subsequently the asset of water getting inaccessible. The likeliness of this incident in the course of our life is close to nothing, particularly in Ontario and Quebec. These territories have and plenitude of lakes and down-falling waterways. Accessibility The accessibility of water around there of the world is incredible. Being capable to have water streaming on a descending slant is another story. It is futile in the event that it isn't streaming. The more extreme the water streams, the greater power it will produce. Hydroelectric plants can be transformed into what are called cresting units in regions where power plants and high populaces exist. That is since power request in a territory can shift generally over some stretch of time, sources that can effectively be turned on or off are expected to meet request looks. Ecological Concerns Large woman change an automatic environmental framework into one that must be overseen. Set on a waterway without thought to their upstream and downstream impacts they can bring debacle. Since lakes can't endure a portion of the maltreatment that streams can, conventional cultivating and waste removal rehearses must be changed. The dams themselves can be undermined by the silting of supplies brought about by soil disintegration, which may demolish a dams capacity to store water and create vitality. Dams can imperil mostly secret plant and creature species. Numerous tropical plants or creatures with conceivably high monetary worth will be lost perpetually if dam supplies are assembled, in light of the fact that such a significant number of tropical species have be yet to be named. Indeed, even where undermined species have been indented, pressure to crush their living spaces can be overwhelming. Where fish species move significant distances to raise, dams can diminish their stocks. The Columbia stream salmon fisheries in North America declined forcefully after dams were worked there, in spite of projects to manufacture fish stepping stools and restock the waterway. How much right? In various regions of the world, water can range to a bounty of it, to none by any means. With the hydrologic cycle there will consistently be the equivalent measure of water on Earth. It will simply be conveyed diversely all through the biosphere. Hydroelectricity can not be made except if there id Hydroelectric Energy :: articles research papers Hydroelectric vitality conceivably is the consequence of a blessed happenstance wherein nature and the need to modernize, are consolidated together in an on-going cycle. The cycle being dissipated, precipitation and fixation. Having water, however, doesn't really mean having hydroelectric potential. To be in usable structure, that water must be in persistent flexibly, open and moved in waterways with a volume streams and a drop rate, adequate to drive creating turbines. The main way that this framework would become non-inexhaustible would sensibly be in the event that the lakes, waterways and streams evaporated, thusly the asset of water getting inaccessible. The likeliness of this occurrence in the course of our life is close to nothing, particularly in Ontario and Quebec. These regions have and wealth of lakes and down-falling streams. Accessibility The accessibility of water here of the world is extraordinary. Being capable to have water streaming on a descending incline is another story. It is pointless on the off chance that it isn't streaming. The more extreme the water streams, the greater power it will produce. Hydroelectric plants can be transformed into what are called cresting units in zones where power plants and high populaces exist. That is since power request in a territory can shift broadly over some undefined time frame, sources that can effectively be turned on or off are expected to meet request looks. Natural Concerns Large lady change an automatic natural framework into one that must be overseen. Put on a stream without thought to their upstream and downstream impacts they can bring fiasco. Since lakes can't endure a portion of the maltreatment that waterways can, customary cultivating and waste removal rehearses must be changed. The dams themselves can be undermined by the silting of supplies brought about by soil disintegration, which may demolish a dams capacity to store water and produce vitality. Dams can jeopardize generally secret plant and creature species. Numerous tropical plants or creatures with conceivably high financial worth will be lost perpetually if dam stores are fabricated, in light of the fact that such huge numbers of tropical species have be yet to be named. Indeed, even where compromised species have been indented, pressure to pulverize their territories can be powerful. Where fish species relocate significant distances to raise, dams can diminish their stocks. The Columbia waterway salmon fisheries in North America declined strongly after dams were worked there, notwithstanding projects to assemble fish stepping stools and restock the waterway. How much right? In various regions of the world, water can range to a wealth of it, to none by any means. With the hydrologic cycle there will consistently be the equivalent measure of water on Earth. It will simply be dispersed diversely all through the biosphere. Hydroelectricity can not be made except if there id

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Sample Essay on Revenge and Hypocrisy and Betreyal

Sample Essay on Revenge and Hypocrisy and Betreyal Sample Paper About Revenge and Hypocrisy and Betreyal INTRODUCTION The play Jew of Malta, describes the tragic end of Barabas, a Jewish leading role, who sought revenge against the governor of Malta for taking away all his wealth. The city of Malta is depicted as full of corruption and religious hypocrisy. The Christians in this city can also be argued to be hypocrites therefore, making Jews hating on them and full of vengeance against them. The church in this play does not separate from political dealings. As a result, Barabas one of the Jew, hates them with passion and plots murder, deceit and betrayal in order to finish all his enemies. All the characters in the play are portrayed as unsympathetic and always torturing a victim. In the city of Malta, all men betray each other in order to gain profit for themselves. The governor and political system in this city is depicted as corrupt and hypocritical by forcing only the Jews to pay taxes of the whole city. Anti -Semitism can be argued to be the main reason why all evil is happening in this city. F erneze the governor collects money from all Jews but refused to pay when the Turks came for their demand thereby, showing how the officials have been controlled by greed and corruption. Just like other cities marred with bad moral the servant connived with prostitutes in this play to steal from their boss Barabas. This research will analyze into details whether the themes of revenge, betrayal, and Hypocrisy in the play are intertwined with the dangers of anti-Semitism. THEME OF REVENGE The theme of revenge is described all over the play as Barabas sought vengeances for the loss of his wealth. Is anti-Semitism the cause of Barabas losing his gold? Revenge was provoked first by the Governor of Malta, Ferneze and the Knights when they impounded on all the wealth of Barabas. There was tribute demand from Malta that had remained unpaid for over ten years to the Turks. The governor decided to extract money from the Jews only and the option they had was to either convert to Christianity or pay half of their wealth. Since Barabas refused to convert and had initially refused to part with his wealth terming Christians religion full of thieves, his wealth was confiscated. Barabas was hurt and for this reason, he set out to revenge against the governor Ferneze for losing his gold he states “I am not of the tribe of Levi, / that can so soon forget an injury”. It can be argued that clearly the hate between Christians and the Jews was visible and the stereotype of Jews being greedy business men cannot be emphasize as Barabas first refused to part with half of his wealth like the other Jews . In fact the play starts with Barabas counting his gold and inquiring whether the shipped merchandise is safe. It can be argued that it is true how Barabas preferred to honored for being wealthy than be pitied for being a poor Christian. Jews are also known for being treacherous since the time of crucifixion when Judas betrayed Jesus at the last supper for money. This stereotype stills exists and can be depicted in this play. Barabas had a huge desire for his gold and even had to craft ways to get hold of the hidden money in his house. His greed is inevitable and the loss of gold resulted into violence and death of innocent people. Anti -Semitism can be argued to be the main reason why revenge is happening in this city. Ferneze the governor collects money from all Jews but refused to pay when the Turks came for their demand thereby, showing how the officials have bee n controlled by greed and corruption. The Jews are also known to be revengeful and pay an eye for an eye. For this reason, Barabas longed for power to deal with all his enemies. Barabas later killed Lodowick the son of governor Ferneze; with the main reason being the loss of all his wealth. This can also be argued as the effect of the hate between the Jews and the Christians. It is in the process of taking vengeance that Barabas kills innocent lives including that of Abigail, his own daughter. By killing his own daughter because she also betrayed him by implicating his father on the murder of his lover Mathias and Lodowick, this shocked the audience. Abigail, the daughter of Barabas, also pledged to revenge against the Christians who had seized the wealth and house of his father and turned it into a nunnery. As the play develops, Barabas seems to enjoy executing his schemes and the desire for revenge thus spirals rapidly out of control. Barabas also vows revenge on Ithamore for trying to steal from him. In the end, he wa s poisoned together with the others. Barabas is the main avenger in this play and even at the end of this play he dies trying to revenge against all those who betrayed him. The Turks can also be seen as seeking revenge against the whole island of Malta because the governor collected the money but refused to surrender it to them. With the help of Barabas after he was thrown out of the city after faking death they succeeded. On the other hand, Jews are known to be persecuted and face hostility in many countries. This play may have shed light more on this by highlighting the dangers faced by Jew living in Malta. It can be argued that the author of this play wanted to show the hostility faced by most Jews (McAdam 87). THEME OF HYPOCRISY In this play, the church as well as the Christianity religion is depicted as hypocritical. In this church, Christian’s values and political dealing are not separate. The church can be argued to promote anti-Semitism. Barabas terms the Christians as hypocrites who are envious of his wealth and success in addition to being persecutors of his people, the Jews. He can’t see why anyone would choose to be a Christian and states “For I can see no fruits in all their faith”. This can be argued as a clear sign of the hatred between the Christians and Jews. Barabas accuse Christians of talking about righteous but not practicing it rather they do the opposite. In the nunnery, Barabas presumes that the sins committed by the Christians are visible especially with the nuns who increase in number due to pregnancy. The Christianity religion is also accused of hiding numerous mischiefs which are not suspected by the public. For this reason, Abigail is able to pretend to be a nun in order to gain access to their home which had been seized and transformed into a nunnery. Barabas further states that the Christians use their religion as an excuse to do extort and commit evil while quoting the bible as the same time. The Catholic Church in this play engages in actions that can be termed as unchristian such as Tax levy of an entire city being paid by a fraction of the inhabitants. The governor, Ferneze and the friars pretend to stand for the ways of the church and follow law of the land. However, their hypocrisy is later revealed in the play that they are more corrupt than Barabas. The friars are portrayed as having a strong desire for gold and sex. On the other hand, Ferneze and the officers used power and position to satisfy their selfish gains and even stealing in the name of religion. They demanded that the Jews should pay the long overdue tribute demanded by the Turks. This shows that the Christians were anti-Semitic and hated the Jews. Therefore, the governor gave orders that the Jews must either convert to Christianity or part with half of his wealth. Barabas is infuriated since all his wealth is gone and calls Christians thieves. Ultimately, Ferneze as a hypocrite collects money from all Jews but refused to pay when the Turks came for their demand (Margaret 47). On the other hand, Barabas is also revealed as a hypocritical opportunist who had committed crimes in order gain his wealth. He states that he “Kill sick people groaning under walls: Sometimes I go about and poison wells”. This is hypocritical and shows Barabas as a criminal who can do anything to gain wealth. Barabas and his servant Ithamore killed one of the friars Barnardine who came to convert him to Christianity after the betrayal by his daughter. The two later laid blame on Jacomo who they turned over to the authorities. The character Ferneze the Malta governor, is also depicted as hypocrite Christian who lack the Christians values and morals such as love, forgiveness and mercy. In fact, he informs all the Jews that they must taxed heavily and pay the overdue tribute with half of their wealth. It can be noted that the Christians hate the Jews and the other way round. Barabas stated that their suffering and afflictions in that city was as a result of curse from God. Barabas the rich Jew, challenged the governor of Malta who was a Christian whether their religion was based on theft since the so called Christians justify the taking away of Barabas gold by portraying him as cursed and sinful. In the Jew of Malta, each character justifies their brutality to other by citing religion. Barabas calls Christians as hypocrites who deserve to be killed by Muslims. To avoid punishment by the authority Barabas feigned his death by drinking a sedative concoction. Abigail was loyal to his father and can be termed as hypocritical by agreeing to disguise herself into a nun in order to gain access to the wealth of his father which was hidden under the floor boards. Barabas ended up killing his daughter’s lover Mathias, because he was a Christian. THEME OF BETRAYAL In this play, many chances for betrayal are common. Barabas stated that the governor of Malta Ferneze betrayed him by taking all his gold and thus, had set out to seek revenge against him. He said “I hope to see the governor a slave”. Barabas daughter, Abigail felt betrayed when his father murdered the love of his life Mathias. She became very frustrated with Barabas and went back to the convent. Barabas thought that his daughter betrayed him by going back there and being converted to a Christian and vowed to disinherit her. As a result, he makes his slave Ithamore his only heir. This is also a sign of betrayal when the father gives his inheritance to a slave rather than to her only daughter. Barabas kills his own daughter together with other nuns by poisoning them. He termed the death of his daughter as a personal betrayal and denied that he could never think of being a Christian. This can also be seen when Ferneze asked him to be a Christian and replied that he can never be a c onverted. Abigail is also portrayed in this play as betraying his father by reporting him as the murderer of both Lodowick and Mathias to the priest before she died. After the betrayal by Abigail, the friars turned up to convert Barabas to Christianity and him being such a hypocrite tried to play games on the two of them who ended up fighting over who had the rightful claims of converting Barabas. However, Barabas and his servant Ithamore killed one of the friars Barnardine and lay the blame on Jacomo who they later tried to turn over to the authorities. The servant who had been made the only heir Ithamore also tried to betray his boss by trying to steal from him together with Bellamira, a Courtesan. Ithamore betrayed his boss by blackmailing him in order to have the money. He also revealed all the crimes they had done together with his boss. Barabas seek revenge and poison all three with poisoned flowers. However, in the last act the governor is furnished with all the crimes that Ithamore and Barabas had committed and order their arrest. Anti -Semitism can be argued to be the main reason why betrayal is happening in this city. Ferneze the governor collects money from all Jews but refused to pay when the Turks came for their demand thereby, showing how the officials have been controlled by greed and corruption. Later in this play, we can see that Barabas betrayed the city of Malta to the Turks who later made him the governor. After feigning his death to avoid punishment from the authority he was thrown out of the city and from there he sought revenge against all Malta. He helped the Turks enter the protected city. However, due to his evil schemes and wicked virtue of betrayal his down fall came as he plotted to destroy the Turkish commander together with their soldiers by inviting them to a feast where the floor will collapse. Unfortunately, he is also betrayed and dies in his own cauldron. When he helped them he was made a governor but said to himself that no one could accept him coz they all hates him and his life is in danger. This can be argued that Jews cannot expect to gain political power and maintain their Jewish identity. He himself in the play conceded that Jews cannot make kings because their population is sparse and can only depend on Christians to rule them. Conclusion The play Jew of Malta is a tragic end of Barabas, a Jewish character who vowed revenge against all his enemies. Since time immemorial Jews have been known to revenge in order to gain acceptance in the society. To accomplish this he plots murder, deceit and betrayal in order to finish all of them. The first revenge was against Governor of Malta Ferneze who impounded on all of his wealth and seized his house which was turned into a nunnery. He killed Lodowick the son of governor. Barabas hates Christianity and refused to convert and later he took it as a betrayal when his daughter converted into Christianity. The process of taking vengeance saw Barabas kills innocent lives including that of Abigail, his daughter. It seems he enjoyed executing his schemes and the desire for revenge thus spirals rapidly out of control. Barabas is the main avenger in this play however, at the end of this play he dies trying to revenge against all those who betrayed him. Abigail also pledged to revenge aga inst the Christians who had seized the wealth and house of his father and turned it into a nunnery (Bevington 56). Finally, it can be argued that this city is filled with corruption and religious hypocrisy resulting to hate between Christians and Jews. The Jews cannot even have a political office because the whole city hates them. Christopher Marlowe brings out all the characters as unsympathetic and always torturing a victim. In the city of Malta all men betray each other in order to gain profit for themselves. Although Barabas can be argued to be selfish and greedy for money, it can be argued that the city in which he resides is anti-Semitic and both the Jews and Christians hate each other. On the other hand, Jews are known to be persecuted and face hostility in many countries. This play may have shed light more on this by highlighting the dangers faced by Jew living in Malta. It can be argued that the author of this play wanted to show the hostility faced by most Jews. Christians are portrayed as hypocrites and envious of the wealth and success of Jews population. Killing own daughter for the sake of this hatred can be viewed as shocking. Though Barabas brags about doing all those evils because he is Jewish I think that this is not the true representation of all Jews. Christianity religion is accused of hiding numerous mischiefs such as extorting money and commit evil while quoting the bible as the same time. However, their hypocrisy is later revealed in the play that they are more corrupt than Barabas. Vengeance is a stereotype of Jews and this theme can be argued to be elicited from the dangers of anti-Semitism. This play portrays Jews as bad people who kill innocent people carelessly without any human feelings. They are thought to be cursed and sinful in nature. The other theme of betrayal is common. It can be argued that Jews are known for betrayal kills his own daughter just because he hates Christians. Barabas he termed the death of his daughter as a personal betrayal and denied that he could never think of being a Christian. Anti -Semitism can be argued to be the main reason why all evil is happening in this city. Ferneze the governor collects money from all Jews but refused to pay when the Turks came for their demand thereby, showing how the officials have been controlled by greed and corruption. In summary, this paper has analyzed the themes of revenge, betrayal, and hypocrisy in the play and concluded that they are intertwined with the dangers of anti-Semitism in the Jew o f Malta.

Conditioning in Aldous Huxleys Brave New World - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 862 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/05/15 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Brave New World Essay Did you like this example? In the novel, Brave New World, by Aldous Huxley conditioning becomes a major part of the society as a whole. This tool, conditioning, is used to keep society stable and keep everyone what the controllers believe to be happy. The horrendous effects of conditioning become apparent as a few members and non members realize what these effects are. Throughout this novel, propaganda, such as soma, is used in order to force members into conforming to the societal norms. The purpose of conditioning members of society throughout their lives was to keep everyone equal which should have inevitably create a utopia. In order to keep everyone happy, the leaders of the Brave New World used soma to relax and make these members of their society easy to control. In the novel, Huxley states That is the secret of happiness liking what youve got to do. All conditioning aims at making people like their unescapable social destiny.(Huxley 15) This quote explains why the conditioning is used and that is, like Huxley said, to make people like the society they can not escape. In this case, their inescapable social destiny is the caste in which they are assigned when they are embryos. Each caste goes through different rounds of conditioning based on their predetermined caste. In an article written by Peter Firchow, a previous member of the University of Minnesotas English Department, asked Was it really possible for all men to be equal?(Firchow) in relation to the novel . Man will never be equal, even in what was meant to be the utopia of Brave New World. This is due to the conditioning that goes along with the different castes. For example, castes which will work in hotter climates as adults are conditioned when they are children to stand the hot climates while members who do not need to be intelligent for their assigned job will undergo oxygen deprivation and alcohol in their blood to make them less intelligent when they become adults. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Conditioning in Aldous Huxleys Brave New World" essay for you Create order Reinforcements such as soma and hypnopaedia are used throughout the novel in order to keep the members of the castes compliant with the rules of the Brave New World. There are many different ways that conditioning is used throughout this novel on different members of society whether it be in social settings or on their own time. An example of the way that soma is used in the novel is during an event that these people call orgy-porgy. During this meeting, certain caste members are in a room and all take drinks of soma from the same cup while repeating I drink to the imminence of His Coming.(Huxley 82) After everyone becomes relaxed and everyone has felt Him coming, they move to couches and proceed with their orgy. Soma is used in this scenario in order to relax those who dont feel comfortable with the recreations they are forced to participate in, like Bernard. Bernard is hesitant to participate in the orgy but soma calms him down and he eventually participates without knowing, due to the soma. There are many other instances where soma become a full on drug to them. In Huxleys novel, Lenina and Bernard travel outside of their world and into the real world which causes Lenina to become uneasy and upset. She states I wish I had my soma!(Huxley 117) which shows that the leaders of the Brave New World want their society to develop a dependency on soma in order for them to keep everything in order and perfect. While the effects of conditioning arent seen as horrible in the society in which they live, these effects cause lifelong problems depending on the different castes. Many of these effects are quite subtle while some stand out and point out the horridness one sees inside the novel. One effect, which can be considered good and bad, is the fact that they are forced into their happiness. In an article by Brad Buchanan, an Associate Professor of English at California State University, he states These dangers have to do not with incest or parricide but with the prohibitions they were not conditioned to obey and which force them to feel strongly.(Buchanan) This shows that Huxley is trying to convey the fact that the conditioning did not always have good effects on the society as they believed it would. These conditioned members have no idea how to express real emotions leading to lack of individuality. Another example of the lifelong effects of conditioning come from an excerpt in the novel where the Director is showing people how the conditioning works. He goes on to say, Reflexes unalterably conditioned. Theyll be safe from books and botany all their lives(Huxley 21) which shows the effects of shocking children when they are small. Conditioning plays a major role in the novel due to the effects that it has on the members of the Brave New World society. While these methods were intended to be have beneficial effects, they lead to dependency and lack of individuality in all people. Not only does the conditioning have its horrendous effects on the castes, it proves there is a flaw in the system as a whole.

Impact Of Cell Phones On Classrooms - 2014 Words

Impact of cell phones in classrooms – Summary Smartphones or cell phones have become an essential gadget in the day to day lives of almost everyone who can afford one for themselves. For high school and college students, a life without a smartphone is unimaginable because it has become their portal to an active social life. If they refrain themselves from sifting through the hundreds of Facebook updates, Tweets, Instagram photos or Snapchats every hour, they ll soon end up being left behind. This urges students to frequently check their smartphones even while they are in classrooms. With smartphones in their hands, a number of gaming applications, text messaging, email, social media applications and other websites compete for their attention, grabbing their attention away from the lectures on which they are supposed to be focusing. The instructors are also confronted with an additional burden to keep their students focused and engaged. This is something that I see around me all the time and thus, I was intrigued when I came acro ss the following two articles: 1. Costly Cell Phones: The Impact of Cell Phone Rings on Academic Performance – by Christian M. End, Shaye Worthman, Mary Bridget Mathews, and Katharina Wetterau 2. OMG! Texting in Class  ¼ U Fail :( Empirical Evidence That Text Messaging During Class Disrupts Comprehension – by Amanda C. Gingerich1 and Tara T. Lineweaver First Study: Purpose of the study: The purpose of the first study was to find out if a ringing cellShow MoreRelatedCell Phones in the Classroom: Keep Them Banned, or Incorporate Them?1413 Words   |  6 PagesCell phones are quickly becoming a child and teenager’s new best friend. In fact, they even seem to be replacing human contact, and are now how both children and teenagers communicate with each other. Cell phone sales have sky rocketed at an alarming rate, and many of the consumers are under the age of 18, meaning they are still in elementary and high school. Society has influenced students to feel that they need to own a cell phone to be â€Å"cool†, thus making the issue of cell phones in the classroomRead MoreOur Distracted Culture : What Was It?1643 Words   |  7 Pagesinto depth on how our culture is addicted to devices, specifically cell phones, that correlates with social media and how it affects relationships and everyday life. He claims, The harsh truth is we Ame ricans have become addicted...is taking a toll on everything from nurturing our authentic relationships to simply paying attention to what matters during our brief lifetimes† (5H). In other words, these distractions, mainly cell phones, withdrawal us from life and lead us to fail to communicate withRead MoreThe Importance Of Cell Phones In The Classroom1194 Words   |  5 Pagestechnology, even with the growing trend of cell phones being brought to school and used during class, our board of education must stick to the status quo, which is that cell phones should not be allowed in class. We need to disallow cell phones in class for three main reasons: they provide a temptation and distraction to students, studies have proven that cell phones correlate with lower test scores, and finally students can develop addictions to cell phones which can detrimentally affect the livesRead MoreEssay On Personal Technology1246 Words   |  5 Pagesstandard middle school to high school clas sroom, anyone can walk in a room and see the glare of cell phones sitting on desks, students looking down in their lap, or earbuds coming from every student’s ears. 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Several reasons such as it being looked at as a barometer for engaging the current lecture. What can we do to instead incorporate mobile technology into the curriculum? Can this negative view of cell phones in the classroom be changed? To obtain more knowledge about my topic, I researched the caus es, percentages of student cell phone use as well as related but more specificRead MoreIncreasing Usage Of Cell Phones1174 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract Smart phone allows us to communicate with the people who we wish to stay connected with. Nowadays due to the over usage of cell phones we often find ourselves wasting too much time on it, obesity growing in teenagers, distant relationships with people etc. after researching we found that the increasing usage of cell phone has a great effect on students studying in high schools or collages such as their behavior, dropping grades etc. Concerns about dependency on mobile phones corresponded to

Olive Senior - 2649 Words

Personal Information Born Olive Marjorie Senior on December 23, 1941, in Jamaica; immigrated to Canada, 1991. Education: Carleton University (Ottawa, Canada), B.S., journalism, 1967. Career Daily Gleaner newspaper, Jamaica, reporter and sub-editor; Jamaica Information Service, information officer, 1967-69; Jamaica Chamber of Commerce, public relations officer, 1969-71; JCC Journal, editor, 1969-71; Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of the West Indies, Jamaica, publications editor, 1972-77; Social and Economic Studies, editor, 1972-77; freelance writer and researcher, part-time teacher in communications, publishing consultant, and speech writer, Jamaica, 1977-82; Institute of Jamaica Publications, managing editor,†¦show more content†¦Her first published work was titled The Message Is Change: A Perspective on the 1972 General Elections, and she also penned a series of educational booklets on Jamaican heritage for school children. Garnered Top Literary Prizes Senior was also writing poetry during this time, and her efforts began to appear in print. She gained an impressive measure of recognition with seven poems which were included in a seminal 1980 volume, Jamaica Woman: An Anthology of Poems, the first such survey of Caribbean women poets. While employed as managing editor for the Institute of Jamaica Publications, she published her first collection of verse, Talking of Trees. The 1986 work showed many of the hallmarks of Seniors later literary style, blending the personal and the political in a language that retained a strong Caribbean flavor. Seniors poems are often elegant and spare, eschewing heavy rhythmic stresses or rhyme schemes, noted Denise deCaires Narain in an essay for the Dictionary of Literary Biography. Her touch is always sure when the speakers in her poems, as is often the case, use the speech rhythms and idiom of Jamaican creole. In one of the poems in Talking of Trees, Colonial Girls School, she describes a curriculum of Latin and Shakespeare, one that told us nothing about ourselves ... / There was nothing of our landscape there / Nothing about us at all. Senior also wrote of the island and its natural riches in MeditationShow MoreRelatedMeditation on Yellow by Olive Senior628 Words   |  3 PagesMeditation on Yellow Olive Senior is a Jamaican poet who explores Caribbean history. Her poetry often conveys her displeasure of colonization and the suffering Caribbean people endured. Meditation on Yellow explores the colonization and exploitation process carried out by the Europeans. This poem strong conveys Senior discontentment as it relates to the exploitation of the land and the Amerindian tribe. 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Maybelline Case Study Essay Example For Students

Maybelline Case Study Essay CASE STUDY Marketing Audit Maybelline Cosmetics Natali Louise 2010 Natali L 1/1/2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2. IDENTIFY MAYBELLINES CORPORATE MARKETING OBJECTIVES 3. DEFINE THE PROBLEM 4. EXTERNAL ENVIROMENTAL PROBLEM * MARKET DEFINITION * MARKET SIZE * MARKET GROWTH * MARKET STRUCTURE * MARKET TRENDS * COMPETITION * MARKET SEGMENTATION 5. INTERNAL ENVIROMENT (EXISTING MARKETING MIX) * PRICE, PRODUCT, POSITION, PROMOTION * DISTRIBUTION * RESOURCE ANALYISIS * FINANCIAL SITUATION * SWOT ANALYISIS 6 . SELECT SEGMENTS FOR ATTACK 7. IDENTIFY ALTERNATIVES 8. SELECTION OF BEST ALTERNATIVE . KEY SUCCESS FACTORS 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In this case study we will be examining Maybelline Cosmetic Company and its current market position and distribution domestically and globally, we will be looking at the expansion of the company as well as the feasibility of successful expansion, options available and extension of the Maybelline line. 2. IDENTIFY MAYBELLINES CORPORATE MARKETING O BJECTIVES Maybelline’s corporate objectives can be summarized in the three point strategy designed to- * Expand the company’s market presence through corporate acquisition, making its geographic presence wider. To develop or purchase a new personal line of care products that will compliment Maybelline’s existing business * To revitalize the company’s core colour cosmetics business The marketing objectives have been organized to- * Develop and advertise the newly launched â€Å"Shades of You† a cosmetic line targeted to meet the specific needs of woman of colour. * Develop and launch a shine free product line for teenagers and young woman. * Introduce a new product segment ‘Revitalize† developed specifically for older woman. * Appeal to an international market. 3. DEFINE THE PROBLEM Maybelline desires to expand on into the global cosmetics market, this may encounter difficulties as the barriers to entry into Asian and European markets are high, existing well entrenched cosmetic companies are already well established and hold a high market share, there may also be the difficulty of marketing cosmetics in an international market place where cultural obstacles may arise, perception of Maybelline as a brand may not be high, as well as international sales of Maybelline accounting for only 10% of the company’s net sales in 1991. . EXTERNAL ENVIROMENTAL PROBLEM * MARKET DEFINITION Maybelline’s presence in the domestic United States market should be considered strong, they have held second largest market share for the last five years, including second and third positions in the domestic market for their face and lip cosmetics, this has encouraged them to expand globally, however as stated net sales internationally have been poor compared to sales in their domestic market. MARKET SIZE Unit Sales and Profitability Sold currently in approximately 80 thousand retail outlets domestically, as well as various wholesalers such as Wal-Mart, Kmart and Target, Maybelline’s net sales through Wal-Mart alone constituted over 10% of the company annual sales with eye makeup constitute 39% of sales followed by face products at 24%, lip products at 14% and nail polish at 4%. One can see through current sales figures that within the domestic market and distribution channels, globally positioning Maybelline would depend heavily on successful product distribution channels. YEAR ENDED YEAR ENDED DEC. 1, 1990 DEC, 31, 1991| POSITION SHARE POSITION SHARE| TOTAL COLOUR COSMETICS| 2| 18%| 2| 18%| EYE PRODUCTS| 1| 30%| 1| 30%| FACE PRODUCTS| 2| 14%| 2| 15%| LIP PRODUCTS| 3| 13%| 3| 12%| NAIL PRODUCTS| 5| 9%| 5| 9%| PRODUCT GROUP PERCENT OF NET SALES%| EYE * MASCARA * EYE LINE/BROW * EYE SHADOW| 39%| 18% 14% 7%| FACE * FOUNDATION * BLUSH * CONCEALER * POWDER| 24% | 9% 6% 3% 6%| LIP| 14%| | NAILOTHER COSMETICS| 5% 5%| | * MARKET GROWTH With strong profit potential in successfully selling cosmetics in a global market place, the plan to increase the company’s presence in their existing international markets has been currently to update product formulations, update packaging and advertise with current domestic advertising campaigns, also strengthening its current global distribution channels to ensure consistent availability of Maybelline’s products. Athens-Greece EssayIt would appear that even with the barriers of entry to the overseas market if Maybelline strengthen their current distribution globally, as well as obtain new distribution channels, their existing company visibility and brand strength should create an overseas acceptance of them in the market place. 7. IDENTIFY ALTERNATIVES * A line extension specifically designed for Asian Woman * Trial increase/ online media giveaways * Promoting at public events * Expand to a male demographic (e. g. ; skincare) in similar style to L’Oreal Men’s Expert Line. 8. SELECTION OF BEST ALTERNATIVE In light of the company’s objectives to expand overseas, a product specifically designed for Asian woman would fit Maybelline’s current marketing objectives, * The type of products designed for that market could include eye cosmetics with tips on application for more almond shaped eyes. * Keeping price competitive but using new packaging to appeal to this new market * Having an interactive marketing campaign including online giveaways, an advertising campaign to find â€Å"The New face of Maybelline† in Asia to expand awareness and excitement to the product launch, and a media campaign aimed at advertising in Asian fashion magazines. . KEY SUCCESS FACTORS The key success factors to for Maybelline to stay a domestic market leader as well as expand successfully into the international market consists of keeping their line of products affordable and attractively packaged at an intermediate level, along with economies of scale, keeping large production affordable hand in hand with intensive distribution, expanding to new distribution channels and keeping consumers happy with the quality of Maybelline Cosmetics.

Reduce crime free essay sample

There are many methods in which crime can be reduced in America, many of which six stand out the most. Incarceration, policing, social programs, living area, unemployment benefits, less jobs. Yes less jobs because with people not having jobs people stay at home acting as guards for their properties and belongings. There are many different programs in which the community can get involved in to help better protect their communities. There are many typed of jobs that the police departments can have to serve their community which in turn leads to them lowering crime activity. The government also provides really god programs in which they give help to the people of lesser income. This causes them to not have to resort to theft and do crimes which can lead them to end up in prison. There are 3,365 jails in America, that’s not counting state and federal prisons. Incarceration is one of the main reasons in which crime is down because, criminals are afraid of going to jail or prison. We will write a custom essay sample on Reduce crime or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page On average 3,000 people go to jail a day in the US. The thought of prison should make people stop committing crimes. People who go to jail usually end up serving 85% of the time you are sentenced and that’s if you’re lucky. If you’re getting sent to a federal prison that’s a whole different story, good luck! There are many programs which the government provides the people of America which helps family with low income. Some of these programs are WIC, Food Stamps, Medicaid, these are some of the most common ones in which most low income family apply for. These programs in a way help lower the need for these families to struggle economically. These program helps lower crime because this provides families with financial help, which marks the necessity for people to steal or commit crimes to gain more money to support themselves and their loved ones. The police department does a tremendous job in reducing crime in the US. Just by having their presence seen in and around the community. They too also have many programs in which they reduce crime. This can just consist of them just having more patrol out patrolling. This makes the community and potential criminals think about what they’re going to do. With the help of the community the police can impact the levels of crime by a lot. The community can help the police department by contacting the police with any information of crimes or with tips of anything that can improve the community. The people of the community are the ones who really prevent crimes. Police officers are called to the crime scene when the crime has already occurred, police officers are responders. The people of the community are really the people who can and do prevent crimes. The community are the eyes and ears of all the things that occur in and around the community, they’re the ones who know of stuff even before the police does. This is why the community helps keep the community safe. Many people can make citizen arrests which in a way makes all of us police officers, just without the badge and uniform. With people having less jobs or having to be laid off, more people tend to stay at home, which in turn makes them protect their belongings and properties. Yes not having a job is a bad thing because there’s no money being made, but in the other had your protecting the stuff you care about the most. Without knowing people that could have of been robbed are not being robbed because they making themselves be seen staying at home for most of the day now. All in all common people are the ones who help bring down crime in the US. Ordinary people are the one who are affected the most but are also the ones who can help prevent it. Everyone can do their part in reporting the crimes they have witnessed or that has happened to them. Although the government provides great programs in which they can help people provide for their families, people shouldn’t abuse the governments help. Police department do their part in helping the community but still they are just responders the will of making a better community or having a better community falls to the people living in those communities.

Civil Disobedience Essays - Civil Disobedience, Nonviolence

Civil Disobedience Essays - Civil Disobedience, Nonviolence Civil Disobedience Civil Disobedience Civil disobedience is the refusal to obey civil laws. This refusal is in the form of nonviolence. People who use civil disobedience are usually protesting a law that they think is unjust. Usually, they are also willing to accept any penalty like imprisonment. Henry David Thoreau was born in 1817 at Concord, Massachusetts. He was Educated at Harvard University. During his early years Henry spent most of his time walking in the wilderness or talking with his mentor and friend Ralph Waldo Emerson. In July of 1846, Henry needed his shoes which had holes in them repaired. After the cobbler repaired the shoes Henry exited the store and was approached by Sam Staples, the town constable. Sam asked Henry to pay his poll tax. Henry intentionally did not pay his taxes because the revenues were used to help finance the United States war with Mexico and supported the enforcement of slavery laws. Since Henry refused to pay, Sam Staples was required to take Henry to jail. Henry spent the night in jail. During that evening someone heard of Henry's problem and paid his taxes. Most people think that Henry's Aunt paid the taxes but no one knows for sure. When Henry found out that his tax had been paid, he was outraged . Henry argued that since he was not the one who paid the taxes he still deserved to be in jail. The night he spent in jail prompted Henry to write one of the most Famous essays in American history, On the duty of Civil Disobedience. Henry's book was published on September 6, 1847. Henry had a great impact on The lives of America's greatest leaders.

Identify key features of widely used business application programs Research Paper

Identify key features of widely used business application programs - Research Paper Example Word processors have now become one of the basic requisites of businesses. Using a word processor, one can make a document, save it in an electronically conducive format in a disk or drive, display it on monitor, make amendments to it by inserting commands and various typescripts from keyboard and eventually print it (Dibbern, 2004). It has various advantages, which makes it highly popular among literate individuals. Above all, it is convenient then a typewriter in which you have to retype the whole document in case of any error. However, in Word Processor, editing words, paragraphs and formatting is very easy. Word processing applications provide you with â€Å"file management systems, font specifications, referencing systems, graphics, layouts, grammar and spelling checkers, WYSIWYG  (what you see is what you get) etc† (Dibbern, 2004). Some of the popular word processing applications include â€Å"Microsoft Word, Notepad, Google Docs, Lotus Manuscript, WordPad† (Dib bern, 2004), and many more. Presentation software is another category of application program that creates a continuity of words and pictures to present an idea or story. Business presentation applications are user friendly, compatible, and transferable as well. They enable the user to include images, audio, as well as video developed with other tools. Its advantages are many but primarily it helps in appearance of documents, providing snapshot of ideas, sound effects and much more. Some popular presentation software include â€Å"Microsoft PowerPoint, Lotus’s Freelance Graphics, and Corel Presentations, etc† (Dibbern, 2004). These softwares enable a user to have animations attached to their work and improve appearance of data to maximize value. Spreadsheet is one of the most powerful programs used for bookkeeping, scheduling, and data storing purposes. It contains arrangement of cells in the form of table of rows and columns. Each cell has a value and each value may have a

Linux distributions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Linux distributions - Essay Example This not only takes enormous amount of expenditure as well as valuable human resources. Therefore, most companies opt for outsourcing and take benefit of readymade software packages. Linux based open source software packages as well as proprietary software are available to choose to suit the requirement. Each of them has their own merits and demerits, which should be analytically weighed before making a decision. Free software are either free of cost or their source codes are available in public domain. As far as an enterprise is concerned it has to train their employees as well as to get constant support from the software vendor. A good IT infrastructure always ensures high return over investments made in it. So the large companies do not care much about the cost involved rather consider its flexibility, reliability and a reliable support system. In this project we will be discussing about desktop and server edition of three LINUX based implementations, Red Hat, Ubuntu & Novell and the standard Windows based systems. Conclusively, we will attempt to recommend a certain package on the basis of the outcome of such discussion. While purchasing software for an enterprise operation, the preliminary aim is to assist its employees to automate and enhance the operations of the organisation with least chance for errors. In order to achieve the said goal, imparting adequate training to its employees or to hire trained professionals to apply the system for the optimum benefit of the organisation becomes inevitable. With a view to select appropriate software to suit the requirements, Red Hat, Ubuntu and Novell’s SUSE based OS are being taken into consideration. Indeed the training motivates the employees as well as raises their confidence in using the software to meet the requirements. RedHat: In terms of trained professionals and certified training program, Red hat tops other Linux distributions. RedHat training centers are spread across the globe and

Hedda Gabler Essay Essay Example for Free

Hedda Gabler Essay Essay In Ibsen’s drama Hedda Gabler, Hedda was a wealthy woman with a great background, until she marries Mr. Tesman. When she is chained down to this man she starts to become unstable and reveals how truly devilish she can be. From manipulating her loved ones to down-right killing them. These incidents occur because of jealousy and boredom. Hedda’s first act of despicableness is first presented when she talks to her husband’s aunt. She mentions that the maid will be unsuitable because â€Å"She’s left her old hat behind her on the chair. †, when really, it was Miss Tesman’s hat. We later find out when she is speaking to Brack that she had known all along it was her hat and just wanted to insult her. This shows how bored Hedda is where she feels the need to come up with something like that. She is also unhappy with her marriage so she doesn’t want to get close to any of her husbands family. In act 4 of the play Hedda gives Lovborg a pistol so he can â€Å"die beautifully†. She does this because she is still somewhat attached to Lovborg and is jealous of him and Thea’s relationship that was forming. She even starts to go somewhat mad after Lovborg and Thea leave. The manuscript begins to get ripped apart by Hedda, as she throws it into the fire saying, â€Å"I’m burning your child Thea!† This shows that she has basically reached a breaking point and has officially gone off the end. Hedda is a very hard character to play. This is because she is very contradicting, as Ibsen states, â€Å"sympathetically unsympathetic†. You feel sympathy for Hedda because she seems to be broken. She has been socially trapped into marriage and baring a child. Although this does not justify her actions which still keeps you scornful towards her. All in all Hedda is a very indifferent woman with a independence that she will not be taken away from her. She manipulates and deceives people in order to get her way. Yet she was slowly killing herself by doing so. This may be why her character is so hard to play, she is in a way, a very non-relatable character.

Managing Organizational Change Essay -- Business Management

In this dynamic business environment, change is inevitable. Changes can be planned, or unintentional: depending on the driving forces behind. The major forces for change can be derived from the nature of the workforce, technology, economic shocks, competition, social trends, and world politics (Robbins & Judge, 2011). In this post the author will explain the Kotter’s eight –step approaches to managing organizational change and discuss how his company handles the planned changes in term of organization reconstruction. When changes are inevitable, the leaders usually design some adequate steps to make the change go smooth, effective and permanently. Kurt Lewin argued that successful change in organizations should follow three steps: unfreezing the status quo, movement to a desired end state, and refreezing the new change to make it permanent (Robbins & Judge, 2011, cited in Lewin, 1951). John Kotter further expanded the Lewin’s model to include an eight-step plan for implementing change. The eight stages are: 1) establishing a sense of urgency 2) creating a guiding coalition 3) developing a vision and strategy 4) communicating the change vision 5) empowering broad-based action 6) generating short-term wins 7) consolidating gains and producing more change and 8) institutionalizing new approaches in the culture (Kotter, 1996). Kotter asserted that many changes failed because some steps were ignored, such as missing the creation of a sense of urgency, vision, or coalition. Using Kotter approach es, let’s analyze a recent change happened in Science Application International Corporation (SAIC), the company the author is working for. SAIC provides scientific, engineering, systems integration and technical services and solutions pr... ...ld improve the change process. The author believes that if the SAIC reconstruction is implemented successfully, the company will be more productive, efficient, agile and competitive. Works Cited Havenstein, W. (July 22, 2010). [Memo From the CEO: Organizational Changes]. Havenstein, W. (October 11, 2010). Message from the CEO. SAIC internal email. Kotter, J. P. (1996). Transforming organizations. Executive Excellence, 13(9), 1. Kotter, J. P. (2007). Leading change: Why transformational efforts fail? Harvard Business Review, 85, 96-103. Lewin, K. (1951). Field Theory in Social Science. New York: Harper & Row. Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2011). Organizational Behavior (14 ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Schuler, R. S. (1980). Definition and conceptualzation of stress in organizations. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 189.

Marketing planning Essay

Main characteristics of marketing oriented organisation The marketing is a management and customer satisfaction strategy which is focused on the customer satisfaction and it is also involved in various  functions like advertisement, promotion, selling products and services of the business, product planning, and product development, market research and market analysis. According to Keller, (2009) Marketing can be described as the marketing can be described as the management process which is responsible for identification, anticipation and satisfaction of customers of the organization for developing improved profitability of the business. According to the Philip (2009) the marketing can be described as the process of managing profitable customer relationship through retaining retain existing customers of the organization and attracting new customers through developing value for the customers and satisfying their needs through developing products and services needed by them. Types of organizations: According to marketing point of view there are two types of the organizations, market oriented and product oriented organizations (B&C, 2010). Product Oriented organizations: The focus of the product oriented organisations is on the development of product and selling these products through the different approaches of marketing. Characteristics of marketing oriented organisation: the market oriented companies are focused towards the satisfaction of needs and demands of the customers through analysing customer needs and then developing products and services to satisfy these needs. The customer needs are identified by these organizations and then the resources are allocated to meet these needs (Mangold, Faulds, 2009). The market oriented companies have four main features or characteristics which are given below, Shared Values: the customers are always kept as priority by these types of the organizations and the value is shared with customers by providing them quality products and services. Organizational Structure: the flat type of organizational structure is developed and preferred by these companies as compared to the traditional business structures. The clear vision is developed and communicated by these organizations for motivation of stakeholders including customers. Strategy: the overall business strategy forms the basis of the marketing strategies and planning of the market oriented companies. The basic goal of the market strategies is to achieve the overall business goals and objectives of the organization. The more flexible strategies are developed by these organizations to respond to changing business environment (Mangold, Faulds, 2009). Stakeholders: The  ideas and values are exchanged by the organization with different stakeholders of the organization to develop relationship with the business. From the analysis given it can be concluded that Ikea is a market oriented company as it has incorporated the core characteristics of the market oriented companies (Menon, 2008). Explain the various elements of the marketing concept with reference to the Ikea’s marketing activities. The Ikea has implemented various elements and the concepts which can be analysed as 5 Cs and 4 Ps of the marketing and they are given as below, 5 Cs of Marketing Company: the company described as the vision, mission, purpose and core values of the company which motivates stakeholders of the business (Menon, 2008). Customer: the customers are segmented into profitable components of the business. Collaborators: These are the stakeholders of the company who include investors, employees, customers, competitors, community and Government. Competitors: This includes analysis of the core competitors of the business, their market position, strengths and weaknesses. Context: Context refers to the analysis of the present and future prospects of the organization in the long turn and this is analysed through the internal and external business environment of the organization. 4Ps of marketing are: The four Ps of the marketing are essential and basic element for the development of effective marketing strategies of the business and these can be described as below, Product: the product is the development of the product or services based on the customer needs developed to satisfy needs of the customers (Menon, 2008). Promotion: this include determination of how the product will be marketed and promoted to attain greater market share and growth, through different promotional techniques like TV ads, online marketing or sales promotion (Newman, 2002). Price: One of the important elements of the marketing is the determination of price on which the product will be offered to customers. Place: The place is the identification and planning how the product will be placed in the market, through physical stores or the other elements. Identify and critically assess the benefits and costs of marketing approach for Ikea. The marketing approach adopted by the Ikea has different benefits for the business. Ikea has successfully  developed business of the organization in UK and Europe and segmented the business of the organization to the office and home furniture users. The business has developed the marketing strategies to develop and promote business products of the organization for satisfying customer needs through delivering quality products to the customers. The business has developed strategies for effective customer care as a part of the marketing strategies which is the part of benefits of marketing approach. The long term relations with the customers are developed by the business through effective customer relationship and developing trust in products of the organization. the costs of the ineffective marketing can lead to the failure of the product being offered or less effective response from the customers (Newman, 2002). Task 1.2 A) Identify and explain macro and micro environmental factors which influence marketing decisions of Ikea The business strategies of Ikea are affected by the various internal and external factors of the organization. These factors can be described as the macro-environmental factors and micro-environmental factors. The micro environmental factors of the Ikea are described as below, Micro-environmental Factors: these factors include various factors which have direct impact on the business strategies of the Ikea and it also impact on the business planning and strategies. The Micro factors impacting the Ikea are given below, Customers: the survival of the Ikea is based on the identification and meeting needs, wants and providing the benefits of their customers. the failure to meet the needs of the customers can lead to the failure of the business as the satisfied customers are most important for the business (Newman, 2002). Employees: the employees are considered as the most important assets of the business and the satisfaction and development of effective workforce of the business is the most important element for the successful business. Suppliers: the increase in the prices of raw material and change in the quality of the raw material has direct impact on the marketing mix of the business. The good relationship with the suppliers helps business to develop effective quality of the products offered by Ikea. Shareholders: the expectations and relationship of stakeholders of the business has positive and negative impacts on the strategies of the business. Media: the innovations and changes in the media can be analysed  and the successful adoption of these changes and innovations can positively impact the organizational communication and marketing strategies. Competitors: the name of the game in marketing is differentiation. The business can be successful through developing competitive advantage as compared to its competitors through developing core competencies of the business. Macro-environmental Factors: The macro environmental factors are which are beyond the control of the Ikea and these can be opportunities of threats to the business strategies of Ikea. There are following macro-environmental factors effecting marketing and business strategies of the Ikea and these can be analysed through PESTEL analysis: Political factors: the political factors include the rules and regulations of the UK government, which can be minimum wage, or the interest rate regulations. Economic factors: Economic factors include the inflation rates, or the interest rates which can impact the consumption parents of the customers effecting sales of the organization. Social: the UK is highly diversified with the multilingual and multinational people from all over the world. The trends in the social preferences of the customers can impact the business strategies of Ikea. Technology: there are various technological implementations in the market and these are more frequent in the UK market. B) With your understanding of the topic on Segmentation, propose segmentation criteria that the organisation can use for two products in different markets. The market segmentation is one of the basic elements for the development of the products of the business in the market and the segmentation refer to the identification of the customers with the similar needs and preferences based on the analysis of the customer needs and buying behaviours. The aim of the segmentation is to develop the groups with the same needs and buying behaviours. For example the sofa set for the home users and the business users will be demanded with different needs for the same product for the different market segments. The needs of the home users will be different as compared to the business users and this will also impact the buying behaviours if the customers as well. C) Sketch out those factors that influence the choice of targeting strategy by the organisation with reference to the financial capability of sponsors Targeting strategy: The targeting strategy is based on the analysis of the target groups based on the market segmentation and then the process and approaches of targeting potential customer segments is developed by the organization to develop market share of the product to be launched by business. The targeting strategy of the Ikea involve various steps which include the development and identification of the effective segment market, choosing appropriate segment for the product and then analysing the product to be offered in a particular market segment. The Ikea has developed the target marketing strategy for developing and offering various products for the different segments instead of the generic marketing. Importance of financial capability of Sponsor: One of the important factors affecting the business is the financial capability of the sponsor. The finances are the lifeblood of the business and for all business and marketing strategies the financial resources are considered as the important element to remain competitive in the business. for the success of the business good target market strategy and the financial sponsor ship is essential as these play as the backbone of the business to be more competitive in dynamic changing business environment. D) How does buyers behaviour affects marketing activities in two different buying situations putting into consideration The behaviour of the customers towards the product refer to the process of selecting, purchasing and consuming the product by the customers to attain satisfaction. And analysis of these abhors is essential for the business to develop effective strategies and products. There are various factors affecting the buying behaviours of the customers and these can be explained as given below, Cultural factors: the most important elements of the customer buying behaviour is the cultural factors as the buying behaviour of the customers is highly effected by the culture of the customers. For example the McDonald was failed in India when they introduced beef burger and the organization faced huge losses. Social Factors: the social factors contain the reference groups like the role, status and family. Personal factors: the personal factors include the analysis of the age, occupation, income levels, life styles and the economic status of the customers. Psychological factor: these are also very important factors affecting the buying behaviours of the customers. These factors affect the buying behaviours of the customers of  the Ikea in different ways which can be in favour of the business and these can go against the organization. the increased income and life standard of the customers may lead to increased sales level of the products of the organization same the families will be buying more products of the business as compared to the single. Task 1.3: A) Describe how products are developed By Ikea There are different steps are involved in the product development strategy of the Ikea for the product development in the market to attain sustainable growth in the business. There are following steps performed by Ikea for the effective product development by the organization, Idea generation: the product development strategy if Ikea starts with the idea generation in which the idea regarding the new product is developed and shared, these ideas can be internal or the external. The internal ideas are the innovation by the organization while the external ideas can include the development of product as a result of competitor’s idea. Idea screening: the next step is idea screening which includes the analysis of the market acceptability, impact on satisfaction of the customers, analysis of the demand of the customers and then the approval of the idea based on the rate of success of the given idea. Concept development and Testing: after approval of the idea in screening the next step is to execute the idea into concept and the feasibility of product development is identified in this section, which through the analysis of the skills, abilities and sources required developing the required product. Concept development and Testing: the next step is the execution of the idea into product and then the features and quality of the product is tested and analysed. The target markets and customers are identified for the given product. Marketing: after development of the product the next important step is to communicate the product in market through using different marketing strategies and marketing tools and techniques. This is analysed through the test marketing. Commercialization: the final step is the commercialization of the developed product to attain sustainable growth and success for the Ikea. B) Distribution Management: The distribution management refer to the process involved from the attaining raw material to the selling and delivering product to customers. The distribution includes the packaging, inventory, supply chain and logistics. The distribution strategies involve how the product will be developed and distributed to the end users in a more efficient way. There are two mediums used by the organizations for the distribution of the products and services of the organization to the final consumer, which include wholesaler and retailers. The Ikea is distributing its products by using wholesale medium of distribution. Wholesale market involves the selling goods and services of the organization direct to the buyers and for this purpose the Ikea has developed its stores in UK and Europe. This leads to the development and distribution of the product at flexible and low price. C) How are prices set to reflect an organisation’s objectives and marketing conditions? The pricing strategies include the identification of the pricing objectives, and then development of the pricing strategies based on these objectives, there are various pricing objectives of Ikea for determination of the price of products to be offered in the market, Financial Objectives; The financial objectives include, Profit maximization Maximizing sales revenue Improving cash flows of the business Marketing Objectives: Increasing sales Maintaining and growing market share Building brand D) Show an illustration of how the organisation (Ikea) integrates its promotional activities to achieve its marketing objectives. In recent years, many newspapers and television channels lost their audience, since traditional print and broadcast media as main promotional tools have faced major challenges (Gurevich et al., 2009). Research by Forrester Jennings conducted in 2007 shows that audiences and attention are shifting to online channels, as 52% of Europeans are regularly online at home. Around 36% of European Internet users watch less television, 28% have reduced their newspaper and magazine reading and 17% have decreased listening to the radio since going online (Palmer and Koenig-Lewis, 2009). Taking into  consideration the above facts, we can say that the information revolution (Internet, mobile and social media) is significantly changing traditional marketing campaigns, which can be adjusted to those new technologies. The significance of social media is shown by a recent study which was pointed out that an overwhelming 88% majority of marketers are now using some form of social media to market their business1. The same study, which set out to understand how and why marketers are using social media to grow and to promote their businesses, found that Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, and blogs are the top four social media tools used by marketers1. Palmer and Koenig-Lewis (2009) define social media as an â€Å"online applications, platforms, and media which aim to facilitate interactions, collaborations and the sharing of content† (p.165). They further point out that the importance of social network media lays in the interaction between the consumers and the community, as well as in the facilitation of â€Å"asynchronous, immediate, interactive, low-cost communications† (Ibid.). One of the major examples of social media usage by companies is Victoria’s Secret’s Facebook page with its more than two million followers. On this page, followers can view videos, photos, take quizzes and print coupons2. In politics, the most significant example of social media use is the United States‟ presidential election in 2008. The Barack Obama campaign used such online promotional tools as Facebook, YouTube, Twitter and others3. For the past two years, Facebook has overwhelmingly been pro-Obama virtual territory. Some have attributed Obama’s victory to a â€Å"Facebook effect†3. The Ikea has used the social media strategy for the integration of the marketing strategies with the product orientation and the promotional strategies of the business. Task 2: A) Attempt a suggestion of marketing mixes for two dissimilar segments in consumer markets. For the specialised market entry the company offering products in the consumer markets should develop and focus on the market segmentation and it should develop market segment. The marketing mix is developed by the business after the market segments for the development of the effective market share of the business. For example, a new brand in soft drink â€Å"Nix Cola† can be launched in specific consumer market like 99p or pound land as a established retailer. Once it gets success then it can be launch in different segments and restaurant and coffee shop. It would benefit the organisation from huge marketing costs and  will enhance its brand penetration in the market. C) Critically explain how and why international marketing differs from domestic marketing with reference to Ikea International marketing involves the satisfying the needs and demands of the global customers. Organisations should consider the values, customs, languages and currencies before doing the international marketing. For example advertising in Nepal and China should use in local languages. The potential market size, degree and type of competition, price, promotional differences, product differences as well as barriers to trade have to be analysed alongside the cost-effectiveness of various types of transport. But for the domestic marketing; organisation should consider for the local factors and local needs and demands of the buyer. So, in the case of Ikea as well company should consider the domestic and international marketing factors. People from all across the globe are keeping eyes on London so it should position its marketing strategy for international market and domestic market separately. References: B&C (2010), What’s This Stuff Called â€Å"Social Media†?‟ Benefits & Compensation Digest March 2010, Vol. 47 Issue 3, pp.1550-4190. Boyd, D.M., Ellison, N.B. (2007), Social Network Sites: Definition, History, and Scholarship. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, article 11 Bowler, Shaun David M. Farrell & Richard S. Katz (eds.). 1999. Party Discipline and Parliamentary Government. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press. Carabiner Communications (2009), „Social Media: How B2B Companies Can Connect‟ Available from http://www.carabinerpr.com/socialmedia/. Chaffey, D., Ellis-Chadwick, F., Johnston, K., Mayer, R. (2006), Internet Marketing, Prentice Hall: United Kingdom. Gurevitch, M., Coleman S., and Blumler J.G. (2009), Political Communication Old and New Media Relationships. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science; 625; p.164 Kotler, P (1975), Overview of political candidate marketing. Advances in Consumer Research, vol. 12 Kotler, P and Armstrong, G (2008), Principles of Marketing. Pearson Education Limited Learmonth, M (2009), Social Media Paves Way to White House. Advertising Age, Vol. 80, Issue 11 Mangold, G.W., Faulds, D.J (2009), Social media: The new hybrid element of the promotion  mix. Business Horizons, Kelley School of Business, Indiana University. (2009), p. 357-365. Menon, S.V (2008), Political Marketing: A Conceptual framework. ICFAI Business School, Ahmedabad. Mintzberg, H, Ahlstrand, B and Lampel, J (1998), Strategy Safari: A Guided Tour Through the Wilds of Strategic Management. The Free Press, New York, 1998. Newman, B.I. (2002), The role of marketing in politics. Journal of Political Marketing, Vol. 1, pp.1-5. Olausson, M (2007), The People’s Revolution: Implications of Web 2.0 and Social Media Applications. 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Biography of Dmitri Mendeleev, Periodic Table Inventor

Dmitri Mendeleev  (February 8, 1834–February 2, 1907) was a Russian scientist best known for devising the modern periodic table of elements. Mendeleev also made major contributions to other areas of chemistry, metrology (the study of measurements), agriculture, and industry. Fast Facts: Dmitri Mendeleev Known For: Creating the Periodic Law and Periodic Table of the ElementsBorn: February 8, 1834 in Verkhnie Aremzyani,  Tobolsk Governorate,  Russian EmpireParents: Ivan Pavlovich Mendeleev, Maria Dmitrievna KornilievaDied: February 2, 1907 in Saint Petersburg, Russian EmpireEducation: Saint Petersburg UniversityPublished Works:  Principles of ChemistryAwards and Honors:  Davy Medal, ForMemRS  Spouse(s): Feozva Nikitichna Leshcheva, Anna Ivanovna PopovaChildren: Lyubov, Vladimir, Olga, Anna, IvanNotable Quote: I saw in a dream a table where all elements fell into place as required. Awakening, I immediately wrote it down on a piece of paper, only in one place did a correction later seem necessary. Early Life Mendeleev was born on February 8, 1834, in Tobolsk, a town in Siberia, Russia. He was the youngest of a large Russian Orthodox Christian family. The exact size of the family is a matter of dispute, with sources putting the number of siblings between 11 and 17. His father was Ivan Pavlovich Mendeleev, a glass manufacturer, and his mother was Dmitrievna Kornilieva. In the same year that Dmitri was born, his father went blind. He died in 1847. His mother took on the management of the glass factory, but it burned down just a year later. To provide her son with an education, Dmitris mother brought him to St. Petersburg and enrolled him in the Main Pedagogical Institute. Soon after, Dmitris mother died. Education Dmitri graduated from the Institute in 1855 and then went on to earn a masters degree in education. He received a fellowship from the government to continue his studies and moved to the University of Heidelberg in Germany. There, he decided not to work with Bunsen and Erlenmeyer, two distinguished chemists, and instead set up his own laboratory at home. He attended the International Chemistry Congress and met many of Europes top chemists. In 1861, Dmitri went back to St. Petersburg to earn his P.hd. He then became a chemistry professor at the University of St. Petersburg. He continued to teach there until 1890. The  Periodic Table of the Elements Dmitri found it hard to find a good chemistry textbook for his classes, so he wrote his own. While writing his textbook, Principles of Chemistry, Mendeleev found that if you arrange the elements in order of increasing atomic mass, their chemical properties demonstrated definite trends.  He called this discovery the Periodic Law, and stated it in this way: When the elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic mass, certain sets of properties recur periodically. Drawing on his understanding of element characteristics, Mendeleev arranged the known elements in an eight-column grid. Each column represented a set of elements with similar qualities. He called the grid the periodic  table of the elements. He presented his grid and his periodic law to the Russian Chemical Society in 1869. The only real difference between his table and the one we use today is that Mendeleevs table ordered elements by increasing atomic weight, while the present table is ordered by increasing atomic number. Mendeleevs table had blank spaces where he predicted three unknown elements, which turned out to be germanium, gallium, and scandium. Based on the periodic properties of the elements, as shown in the table, Mendeleev predicted properties of eight elements in total, which had not even been discovered. Writing and Industry While Mendeleev is remembered for his work in chemistry and the formation of the Russian Chemical Society, he had many other interests. He wrote more than 400 books and articles on topics in popular science and technology. He wrote for ordinary people, and helped create a library of industrial knowledge. He worked for the Russian government and became the director of the Central Bureau of Weights and Measures. He became very interested in the study of measures and did a great deal of research on the subject. Later, he published a journal. In addition to his interests in chemistry and technology, Mendeleev was interested in helping to develop Russian agriculture and industry. He traveled around the world to learn about the petroleum industry and helped Russia to develop its oil wells. He also worked to develop the Russian coal industry. Marriage and Children Mendeleev was married twice. He wed Feozva Nikitchna Leshcheva in 1862, but the couple divorced after 19 years. He married Anna Ivanova Popova the year after the divorce, in 1882. He had a total of six children from these marriages. Death In 1907 at age 72, Mendeleev died from the flu. He was living in St. Petersburg at the time. His last words, spoken to his doctor, reportedly were, Doctor, you have science, I have faith. This may have been a quote from the famous French writer Jules Verne. Legacy Mendeleev, despite his achievements, never won a Nobel Prize in Chemistry. In fact, he was passed over for the honor twice. He was, however, awarded the prestigious Davy Medal (1882) and ForMemRS (1892). The Periodic Table did not gain acceptance among chemists until Mendeleevs predictions for new elements were shown to be correct. After gallium was discovered in 1879 and germanium in 1886, it was clear that the table was extremely accurate. By the time of Mendeleevs death, the Periodic Table of Elements was internationally recognized as one of the most important tools ever created for the study of chemistry. Sources Bensaude-Vincent, Bernadette. â€Å"Dmitri Mendeleev.†Ã‚  Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, Inc., 25 Feb. 2019.Gordon. â€Å"Mendeleev - the Man and His Legacy...†Ã‚  Education in Chemistry, 1 Mar. 2007.Libretexts. â€Å"The Periodic Law.†Ã‚  Chemistry LibreTexts, Libretexts, 24 Apr. 2019.